Preventive Care - Lab Exercise
Preventive Care - Lab Exercise
Completion requirements
**LAB EXERCISE TITLE & INFORMATION**
Title: Preventive Care for Chronic Disease Management
Duration: 2-3 hours
Group size: 4-6 students
Difficulty level: STEP3
**LEARNING OBJECTIVES**
1. Identify and record vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, temperature) accurately.
2. Perform a basic physical examination (head to toe) using proper techniques and safety precautions.
3. Take a medical history (past medical, family, and social history) using a standardized tool.
4. Conduct a basic lab test (urine analysis) and interpret results in the context of chronic disease management.
5. Develop a patient-centered plan for preventive care, including lifestyle modifications and referrals to community resources.
6. Use a stethoscope correctly and safely.
7. Take accurate measurements (height, weight, body mass index) using proper techniques.
8. Identify potential health risks and develop strategies for prevention.
**BACKGROUND & THEORY**
Preventive care is an essential component of chronic disease management. By identifying risk factors, performing regular screenings, and promoting healthy lifestyle habits, healthcare professionals can help prevent or manage chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. This lab exercise will focus on the practical skills required for preventive care.
Theoretical background:
* Chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
* Preventive care is critical in reducing the risk factors associated with these diseases.
* A comprehensive approach to preventive care includes lifestyle modifications, referrals to community resources, and early detection and treatment of disease.
Expected outcomes:
* Students will be able to identify and record vital signs accurately.
* Students will demonstrate proper physical examination techniques and safety precautions.
* Students will take a medical history using a standardized tool.
* Students will conduct a basic lab test (urine analysis) and interpret results in the context of chronic disease management.
* Students will develop a patient-centered plan for preventive care, including lifestyle modifications and referrals to community resources.
**MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT**
* Stethoscope
* Blood pressure cuff
* Pulse oximeter
* Thermometer
* Urine analysis kit
* Standardized medical history tool (e.g. EDWARDS questionnaire)
* Patient simulators or models (optional)
* Paper, pens, and calculators for data collection and calculations
**PROCEDURE / PROTOCOL**
1. Introduction and review of lab objectives (10 minutes)
2. Vital sign measurements: blood pressure, pulse, temperature (20 minutes)
* Safety precautions: proper use of blood pressure cuff, careful handling of pulse oximeter
* Tips: accurate measurement of vital signs requires patience and attention to detail
3. Physical examination: head to toe (30 minutes)
* Techniques: proper use of stethoscope, observation of skin and mucous membranes
* Safety precautions: avoiding over- or under-examination, respecting patient boundaries
4. Medical history taking (30 minutes)
* Standardized tool: EDWARDS questionnaire
* Tips: active listening, asking open-ended questions
5. Urine analysis (20 minutes)
* Techniques: proper handling of urine sample, use of dipstick and microscope
* Safety precautions: avoiding contamination, proper disposal of waste materials
6. Data collection and calculations (20 minutes)
* Vital signs data table
* Medical history data form
* Calculations for body mass index and other health metrics
7. Patient-centered planning (30 minutes)
* Develop a plan for preventive care, including lifestyle modifications and referrals to community resources
**DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS**
* Record vital signs data on a data sheet or in an electronic medical record system.
* Complete a medical history form using the EDWARDS questionnaire.
* Analyze urine analysis results in the context of chronic disease management.
* Calculate body mass index (BMI) and other health metrics.
**CLINICAL CORRELATIONS**
* Chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
* Preventive care is critical in reducing the risk factors associated with these diseases.
* Patient-centered planning involves considering lifestyle modifications, referrals to community resources, and early detection and treatment of disease.
**POST-LAB QUESTIONS**
1. What are some common risk factors for chronic diseases?
2. How can a comprehensive approach to preventive care reduce the risk of chronic diseases?
3. What is the importance of patient-centered planning in preventive care?
4. How do you handle a patient with a history of smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia?
5. What are some strategies for promoting healthy lifestyle habits among patients with chronic disease?
**ASSESSMENT CRITERIA**
* Checklist of skills demonstrated:
+ Vital sign measurements
+ Physical examination techniques
+ Medical history taking
+ Urine analysis
+ Data collection and calculations
+ Patient-centered planning
* Grading rubric:
+ Accuracy and completeness of data collection and calculations (30%)
+ Quality of patient-centered plan (40%)
+ Demonstration of clinical skills and knowledge (30%)
**REFERENCES & RESOURCES**
* American Heart Association. (2020). Blood Pressure Measurement.
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Urine Analysis.
* Academy of Medical Management. (2019). Patient-Centered Planning in Preventive Care.
* National Institutes of Health. (2020). Chronic Disease Management.
Video demonstrations:
* American Heart Association. (2020). Blood Pressure Measurement.
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Urine Analysis.
Further reading:
* Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019). Preventive Care in Chronic Disease Management.
Title: Preventive Care for Chronic Disease Management
Duration: 2-3 hours
Group size: 4-6 students
Difficulty level: STEP3
**LEARNING OBJECTIVES**
1. Identify and record vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, temperature) accurately.
2. Perform a basic physical examination (head to toe) using proper techniques and safety precautions.
3. Take a medical history (past medical, family, and social history) using a standardized tool.
4. Conduct a basic lab test (urine analysis) and interpret results in the context of chronic disease management.
5. Develop a patient-centered plan for preventive care, including lifestyle modifications and referrals to community resources.
6. Use a stethoscope correctly and safely.
7. Take accurate measurements (height, weight, body mass index) using proper techniques.
8. Identify potential health risks and develop strategies for prevention.
**BACKGROUND & THEORY**
Preventive care is an essential component of chronic disease management. By identifying risk factors, performing regular screenings, and promoting healthy lifestyle habits, healthcare professionals can help prevent or manage chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. This lab exercise will focus on the practical skills required for preventive care.
Theoretical background:
* Chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
* Preventive care is critical in reducing the risk factors associated with these diseases.
* A comprehensive approach to preventive care includes lifestyle modifications, referrals to community resources, and early detection and treatment of disease.
Expected outcomes:
* Students will be able to identify and record vital signs accurately.
* Students will demonstrate proper physical examination techniques and safety precautions.
* Students will take a medical history using a standardized tool.
* Students will conduct a basic lab test (urine analysis) and interpret results in the context of chronic disease management.
* Students will develop a patient-centered plan for preventive care, including lifestyle modifications and referrals to community resources.
**MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT**
* Stethoscope
* Blood pressure cuff
* Pulse oximeter
* Thermometer
* Urine analysis kit
* Standardized medical history tool (e.g. EDWARDS questionnaire)
* Patient simulators or models (optional)
* Paper, pens, and calculators for data collection and calculations
**PROCEDURE / PROTOCOL**
1. Introduction and review of lab objectives (10 minutes)
2. Vital sign measurements: blood pressure, pulse, temperature (20 minutes)
* Safety precautions: proper use of blood pressure cuff, careful handling of pulse oximeter
* Tips: accurate measurement of vital signs requires patience and attention to detail
3. Physical examination: head to toe (30 minutes)
* Techniques: proper use of stethoscope, observation of skin and mucous membranes
* Safety precautions: avoiding over- or under-examination, respecting patient boundaries
4. Medical history taking (30 minutes)
* Standardized tool: EDWARDS questionnaire
* Tips: active listening, asking open-ended questions
5. Urine analysis (20 minutes)
* Techniques: proper handling of urine sample, use of dipstick and microscope
* Safety precautions: avoiding contamination, proper disposal of waste materials
6. Data collection and calculations (20 minutes)
* Vital signs data table
* Medical history data form
* Calculations for body mass index and other health metrics
7. Patient-centered planning (30 minutes)
* Develop a plan for preventive care, including lifestyle modifications and referrals to community resources
**DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS**
* Record vital signs data on a data sheet or in an electronic medical record system.
* Complete a medical history form using the EDWARDS questionnaire.
* Analyze urine analysis results in the context of chronic disease management.
* Calculate body mass index (BMI) and other health metrics.
**CLINICAL CORRELATIONS**
* Chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
* Preventive care is critical in reducing the risk factors associated with these diseases.
* Patient-centered planning involves considering lifestyle modifications, referrals to community resources, and early detection and treatment of disease.
**POST-LAB QUESTIONS**
1. What are some common risk factors for chronic diseases?
2. How can a comprehensive approach to preventive care reduce the risk of chronic diseases?
3. What is the importance of patient-centered planning in preventive care?
4. How do you handle a patient with a history of smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia?
5. What are some strategies for promoting healthy lifestyle habits among patients with chronic disease?
**ASSESSMENT CRITERIA**
* Checklist of skills demonstrated:
+ Vital sign measurements
+ Physical examination techniques
+ Medical history taking
+ Urine analysis
+ Data collection and calculations
+ Patient-centered planning
* Grading rubric:
+ Accuracy and completeness of data collection and calculations (30%)
+ Quality of patient-centered plan (40%)
+ Demonstration of clinical skills and knowledge (30%)
**REFERENCES & RESOURCES**
* American Heart Association. (2020). Blood Pressure Measurement.
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Urine Analysis.
* Academy of Medical Management. (2019). Patient-Centered Planning in Preventive Care.
* National Institutes of Health. (2020). Chronic Disease Management.
Video demonstrations:
* American Heart Association. (2020). Blood Pressure Measurement.
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Urine Analysis.
Further reading:
* Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019). Preventive Care in Chronic Disease Management.
Last modified: Sunday, 9 November 2025, 5:46 PM